# Taking Input and Conditional Statements in Java

Interacting with users and making decisions based on input are fundamental programming skills. In this guide, we’ll cover how to take input in Java and use conditional statements to make decisions. Let’s dive in!

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## 1\. Taking User Input in Java Using Scanner

Java provides the `Scanner` class to take user input from the console. This class is part of the `java.util` package.

### Steps to Take Input

1. Import the `Scanner` class: `import java.util.Scanner;`
    
2. Create a `Scanner` object: `Scanner sc = new Scanner(`[`System.in`](http://System.in)`);`
    
3. Use methods like `nextInt()`, `nextLine()`, `nextDouble()`, etc., to read user input.
    

### Example: Taking Input from the User

```java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class UserInputExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        // Taking input
        System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
        String name = sc.nextLine();

        System.out.print("Enter your age: ");
        int age = sc.nextInt();

        System.out.println("Hello, " + name + "! You are " + age + " years old.");

        sc.close();
    }
}
```

---

## 2\. Java Conditional Statements: An Overview

Conditional statements control the flow of your program by making decisions based on conditions. The main conditional statements in Java are:

1. **If Statement**
    
2. **If-Else Statement**
    
3. **Nested If-Else Statement**
    
4. **Ternary Operator**
    
5. **Switch Statement**
    

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## 3\. If-Else in Java: Making Decisions

The **if-else** statement allows your program to execute a block of code if a condition is true and another block if it’s false.

### Syntax

```java
if (condition) {
    // code to execute if condition is true
} else {
    // code to execute if condition is false
}
```

### Example: Checking Even or Odd

```java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class IfElseExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        
        System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
        int number = sc.nextInt();

        if (number % 2 == 0) {
            System.out.println(number + " is even.");
        } else {
            System.out.println(number + " is odd.");
        }

        sc.close();
    }
}
```

---

## 4\. Nested If-Else Statements for Complex Conditions

When you have multiple conditions to check, you can use nested if-else statements.

### Example: Grading System

```java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class NestedIfElseExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        
        System.out.print("Enter your marks: ");
        int marks = sc.nextInt();

        if (marks >= 90) {
            System.out.println("Grade: A");
        } else if (marks >= 75) {
            System.out.println("Grade: B");
        } else if (marks >= 50) {
            System.out.println("Grade: C");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Grade: F");
        }

        sc.close();
    }
}
```

---

## 5\. Using the Ternary Operator in Java

The ternary operator is a shorthand for simple if-else conditions. It has the syntax:

```java
variable = (condition) ? value_if_true : value_if_false;
```

### Example: Finding the Larger of Two Numbers

```java
public class TernaryExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10, b = 20;
        int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
        System.out.println("The larger number is: " + max);
    }
}
```

---

## 6\. Java Switch Statements: An Alternative to If-Else

The **switch** statement is a cleaner alternative when you have multiple conditions based on a single variable.

### Syntax

```java
switch (variable) {
    case value1:
        // code block
        break;
    case value2:
        // code block
        break;
    default:
        // default code block
}
```

### Example: Day of the Week

```java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SwitchExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print("Enter a number (1-7): ");
        int day = sc.nextInt();

        switch (day) {
            case 1:
                System.out.println("Monday");
                break;
            case 2:
                System.out.println("Tuesday");
                break;
            case 3:
                System.out.println("Wednesday");
                break;
            case 4:
                System.out.println("Thursday");
                break;
            case 5:
                System.out.println("Friday");
                break;
            case 6:
                System.out.println("Saturday");
                break;
            case 7:
                System.out.println("Sunday");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("Invalid input");
        }

        sc.close();
    }
}
```

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## Conclusion

Taking user input and making decisions with conditional statements are essential skills in Java. From simple if-else to nested conditions, ternary operators, and switch statements, each tool serves a specific purpose. With these examples, you’re now equipped to handle a wide range of scenarios in your Java programs.

Happy coding!